IP证书，全称为IP地址的SSL/TLS证书，是一种为特定的公网IP地址颁发的数字证书。它由受信任的证书颁发机构（CA）签发，用于确保通过该IP地址进行的通信是加密且可信的。与传统的SSL/TLS证书常与域名关联不同，IP证书专为基于IP地址访问的服务设计，通过将证书直接绑定到IP地址上，提供与域名证书相同的安全保障。

IP证书的主要功能包括：

1. 数据加密：IP证书通过SSL/TLS协议，对在IP地址层面上进行的网络通信实施端到端加密，防止数据在传输过程中被第三方截获或篡改。
2. 身份验证：通过严格的审核流程，CA会验证申请证书的实体是否对指定IP地址具有合法的所有权和管理权限，从而增强用户对IP地址背后服务提供商的信任。
3. 防止流量劫持与钓鱼攻击：使用IP证书后，访问者可确认他们正在与正确的服务器进行通讯，降低被恶意重定向至假网站的风险。
4. 兼容性与适用场景：IP证书兼容主流浏览器和操作系统，适用于那些直接使用固定公网IP提供服务，或是因某些原因不便使用域名的企业或组织，比如内部系统对外接口、特定设备接入等。

申请IP证书的条件通常包括：

• 公网IP：必须使用公网IP地址申请，内网或私有IP不可申请此类证书。
• IP管理权限：申请人必须拥有并能证明对所申请IP地址的有效管理权限。
• 单一或多IP绑定：可根据需求申请单个IP地址的证书，也可为多个IP地址申请一张证书，但通常不支持IP地址段的通配符形式。

选择便宜SSL证书时，可以考虑以下几个因素：

1. 证书类型：根据你的网站需求选择合适的证书类型。DV（域名型）证书适合个人和一般企业网站，价格相对便宜；OV（企业型）证书适合中小型企业和电子商务网站；EV（企业增强型）证书适合大型金融平台和政企平台。
2. 品牌选择：不同的SSL证书品牌价格差异较大。例如，Certum和FoxSSL是两个价格相对亲民的品牌，适合预算有限的用户。FoxSSL提供多种类型的SSL证书，价格相对较为平价，同时具有较高的安全性和可信度。

3. 价格比较：根据搜索结果，一些便宜的SSL证书价格如下：

   • FoxSSL 单域名SSL证书：42元一年。
   • Certum SSL证书：价格在几十左右，适合小型企业或者个人站长使用。
   • FoxSSL DV（域名型）证书，单域名，42元/年。
4. 其他推荐：除了上述品牌，还可以考虑Alphassl和Sectigo，它们提供经济实惠的选择，并且有针对不同类型SSL证书的定价计划。

便宜SSL证书 FoxSSL 单域名SSL证书：42元一年
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The key differences between a Certificate Authority (CA) and a regular SSL certificate provider are as follows:

1. Issuer of Certificates: A Certificate Authority (CA) is an entity that issues digital certificates, including SSL/TLS certificates, after validating the identity of the applicant. A regular SSL certificate provider, on the other hand, may refer to a service that provides SSL certificates, which could be either self-signed or issued by a CA. CAs are trusted third parties that authenticate the identity of the certificate holder, whereas a regular SSL provider might simply offer the technical means to obtain a certificate, which may or may not be trusted by browsers and users .
2. Trust and Recognition: CAs are recognized and trusted by browsers and operating systems globally. SSL certificates issued by these CAs are automatically trusted, and users see a padlock icon in their browser's address bar, indicating a secure connection. In contrast, a regular SSL certificate provider might offer certificates that are not automatically trusted, such as self-signed certificates, which would show a warning to users, affecting trust and security perceptions .
3. Validation Process: CAs undergo a rigorous process to verify the identity of the entity requesting the certificate, which includes organizational validation and, in some cases, extended validation. This process ensures that the certificate is issued to the rightful owner. Regular SSL certificate providers may not perform such extensive checks, especially if they are offering self-signed certificates .
4. Compliance and Standards: CAs must adhere to industry standards such as the CA/Browser Forum Baseline Requirements, which dictate how CAs operate and the level of assurance they provide. Regular SSL certificate providers may not be bound by these same standards, especially if they are not recognized CAs .
5. Certificate Types: CAs can issue various types of certificates, including SSL/TLS, code signing, and email certificates. A regular SSL certificate provider might focus solely on SSL/TLS certificates for securing websites .
6. Cost and Fees: Services provided by CAs often come with a cost, as they include identity verification and the assurance of a trusted certificate. Regular SSL certificate providers may offer free or lower-cost options, such as self-signed certificates, which do not provide the same level of trust and assurance .
7. Revocation and Management: CAs maintain a repository of all issued certificates and manage their revocation status. This is crucial for the security of the internet, as it allows for quick revocation in case a certificate is compromised. Regular SSL certificate providers may not have the same infrastructure or responsibility for managing the lifecycle of certificates post-issuance .

To apply for a Certificate Authority (CA) license, there isn't a specific type of business that is required; however, there are certain criteria and requirements that must be met. Here are the main requirements for a CA license application:

1. Legal Entity Status: The applicant must be a legally established entity with the capacity to bear civil liabilities. This means that the entity could be a corporation, limited liability company (LLC), partnership, or other legally recognized business structures .
2. Technical Infrastructure: The entity must have a reliable and secure technical infrastructure capable of supporting the issuance and management of digital certificates .
3. Compliance with Standards: Compliance with industry standards such as the CA/Browser Forum Baseline Requirements is mandatory. These standards cover SSL/TLS management, code signing, and network security .
4. Audits and Assessments: The CA must undergo extensive audits to ensure compliance with WebTrust Principles and Criteria and CA/B Forum Baseline Requirements. These audits assess financial, security, and business principles .
5. Operational Procedures: The CA must have clear operational procedures and controls in place to manage the lifecycle of certificates, including issuance, revocation, and renewal .
6. Physical Security: There must be stringent physical security measures to protect the CA's infrastructure and the cryptographic keys used for certificate issuance .
7. Personnel Qualifications: The CA must employ qualified personnel with the necessary skills and knowledge to manage and operate the CA services securely and efficiently .
8. Business Continuity Plan: A robust business continuity plan must be in place to ensure the CA can continue operations in the event of a disaster or other significant disruption .
9. Legal and Regulatory Compliance: The CA must comply with all relevant laws and regulations, including those related to data protection, privacy, and electronic commerce .

The main requirements for a Certificate Authority (CA) license application in China are as follows:

1. Legal Entity Status: The applicant must be a legally established entity with the capacity to bear civil liabilities.
2. Technical Infrastructure: The entity must have a reliable and secure technical infrastructure capable of supporting the issuance and management of digital certificates.
3. Compliance with Standards: Compliance with industry standards such as the CA/Browser Forum Baseline Requirements is mandatory. These standards cover SSL/TLS management, code signing, and network security.
4. Audits and Assessments: The CA must undergo extensive audits to ensure compliance with WebTrust Principles and Criteria and CA/B Forum Baseline Requirements. These audits assess financial, security, and business principles.
5. Operational Procedures: The CA must have clear operational procedures and controls in place to manage the lifecycle of certificates, including issuance, revocation, and renewal.
6. Physical Security: There must be stringent physical security measures to protect the CA's infrastructure and the cryptographic keys used for certificate issuance.
7. Personnel Qualifications: The CA must employ qualified personnel with the necessary skills and knowledge to manage and operate the CA services securely and efficiently.
8. Business Continuity Plan: A robust business continuity plan must be in place to ensure the CA can continue operations in the event of a disaster or other significant disruption.
9. Legal and Regulatory Compliance: The CA must comply with all relevant laws and regulations, including those related to data protection, privacy, and electronic commerce.
10. Application and Documentation: The application process will require the submission of detailed documentation, including business plans, technical specifications, and proof of compliance with the above requirements.